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Definition |
The therapeutic results of cryotherapy have improved over time with the introduction of enhanced techniques such as gas-driven probes and transperineal probe placement, as used in third-generation cryosurgery. An objective assessment of PSA outcome is not easily performed because some institutions use PSA values < 0.1 ng/mL as an indicator of therapeutic success, whereas others use the old American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) criteria, which require three initial consecutive increases in PSA level. With regard to second-generation CSAP, if a PSA nadir < 0.5 ng/mL is used, BDFS at five years is 60% and 36% for low-risk and high-risk patients, respectively.
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