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Definition |
Besides radical prostatectomy (RP), external-beam radiation and brachytherapy, other modalities have emerged as therapeutic options in patients with clinically localised PCa. In this chapter, we will consider both whole gland and focal treatment, looking particularly at high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and cryosurgery (CSAP) as sufficient data are available to form the basis of some initial judgements on these latest additions to the management of PCa. Other options - such as photodynamic therapy, radiofrequency ablation and electroporation, among others - are considered to be in the early phases of evaluation and will therefore not be discussed in this edition of the guidelines. Both HIFU and CSAP have been developed as minimally invasive procedures with the aim of equivalent oncological safety with reduced toxicity.
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