Prostate Cancer Ontology
Center for Systems Biology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan China
Prostate cancer
Epidemiological aspects of prostate cancer
Basic information of patient
Age
Occupation
Race
Marital status
Nationality
Education level
Personal medical history
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Coronary heart disease
Hyperlipemia
Osteoporosis
Genetic and epigenetic of prostate cancer
Gene
AGA2
AGA3
AKT1
AR
ATM
CASP8
BARD1
BRCA1
BRCA2
BRIP1
CD82
CDH1
CHEK2
EHBP1
ELAC2
EPHB2
ESR1
HIP1
HMMR
HPC10
HPC14
HPC15
HPC3
HPC4
HPC5
HPC6
HPC7
HPC9
HPCQTL19
HPCX
HPCX2
KLF6
KRAS
MAD1L1
MSMB
MSR1
MXI1
NQO2
PALB2
PCAP
PHB
PIK3CA
PPM1D
PTEN
RAD51
RAD54L
TP53
RB1CC1
RNASEL
SLC22A18
TSG101
XRCC3
ZFHX3
CNV
SNP
RNA
Lifestyles of prostate cancer
Demographic characteristics
Family medical history
Racial differences
Migrant
Habits and behaviors
Tea or polyphenols
Green tea
Black tea
Polyphenols
Alcohol
Coffee
Sleep
Tobacco smoke
Sexual behavior
Diet style
Leisure time
Physical activity
Environment
Acrylamide
Air pollution
Arsenic
Asbestos insulation
Bisphenol A
Environmental exposure
Pesticides
Chlordecone
Greenness
Lead metal
Season
Ultraviolet
Mineral
Selenium
Calcium
Iron
Zinc
Micronutrients
Vitamin
Vitamin A
Serum retinol
Carotenoids
Agent orange
Alpha-linolenic acid
Vitamin B
Beta-carotene
Vitamin C
Cholesterol
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Folate
Vitamin K
Tomato
Lycopene
Multivitamin
Other vitamin
Drug and operation
Anticoagulants
Antidiabetic
Antihypertensive
Anti-inflammatory
Aspirin
Cimetidine
Metformin
Statin
Vasectomy
Warfarin
Diseases
IgE
Atopy
Acne
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Coronary artery disease
Hyperparathyroidism
Diabetes
Infections
Metabolic syndrome
Obesity
Prostatitis
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
The absence of voiding symptoms
Social factors
Diesel exposure
Education
Farming
Long working hours
Night shift worker
Job
Work environment
Psychological stress
Foods
Sulforaphane
Broccoli
Dietary inflammatory index
Carbohydrate
Glucosinolate
Heterocyclic aromatic amines
Dietary fat intake
Fatty Acid
Whole fat
Fibre
Fish
Meat
Cow milk
Pizza
Plant
Preserved foods
Pomegranate
Rice consumption
Soybean
Isoflavone
Fruit
Vegetable
Physiological and biochemical
Androgen receptor
Birth
Birth size
Birth height
Brugada-like electrocardiogram
Baldness
Cytokine expression profile
Deficient nucleotide excision repair capacity
Endocrine
Erectile dysfunction
Hormonal
IGF1 gene
Infertility
Lactose intolerance
Leptin
Late fetal death
Neutering
Oxidative stress
Phytooestrogen
Plasma enterolactone
Steroid hormone receptor
Testosterone
Urinary estrogen metabolites
Waist-hip ratio
Food additives
Alpha-tocopherol
Choline
Unclear type
C-peptide
Diagnostic aspects of prostate cancer
Symptom of prostate cancer
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
Storage symptoms
Urinary frequency
Urinary urgency
Nocturia
Voiding symptoms
Urinary hesitancy
Micturition arduous
Weak stream
Split urinary stream
Intermittency
Postvoiding symptoms
Incomplete bladder emptying
Postvoid dribbling
Bone pain
Hematuria
Long term complication of medication
Other symptoms
Clinical diagnosis
Physical examination
Height
Body weight
BMI
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
Digital rectal examination (DRE)
Estimated volume
Hardness
Prostate mobility
Tenderness
Texture
Lab test
Prostate-specific antigen
Free prostate specific antigen measurement
Prostate specific antigen density
PSA velocity
Free PSA to total PSA ratio measurement
4Kscore
Percent free prostate-specific antigen
Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3)
p2PSA
Prostate health index (PHI)
Prostate specific antigen mRNA measurement
PSA doubling time
Total PSA
Age-adjusted PSA
Transition zone PSA density
Complete blood count
Hb
WBC
PLT
Urinalysis
RBC
Pro
Blood biochemical tests
CHO
BIL
UA
CA
ALT
AST
ALP
CRE
BUN
LDH
TP
TRIG
Imaging examination
Ultrasound
Ultrasound approach
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
Transabdominal ultrasound
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
Bone scan
Emission computed tomography (ETC)
Bone metastasis
Location of metastasis
Number of metastasis
Chest radiography
Pulmonary metastasis
Computed tomography (CT)
Imaging examination results
Anteroposterior diameter
Transversal diameter
Suprainferior diameter
Prostate volume
Hypoechoic lesion
Low signal intensity lesion
Unilateral
Bilateral
Peripheral zone
Transitional zone
Central zone
Extracapsular
Seminal vesicle invasion
Neck of bladder invasion
Pelvic lymph node enlargement
Prostate biopsy
Antibiotics prior to biopsy
Baseline biopsy
Biopsy complications
Core biopsy
12-Core prostate biopsy
8-Core prostate biopsy
Extended template biopsy
Local anaesthesia prior to biopsy
Needle biopsy of prostate
Repeat biopsy after previously negative biopsy
Transition zone biopsy
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Seminal vesicle biopsy
Transperineal biopsy
Prostate saturation biopsy
Transrectal biopsy
Transrectal ultrasonography guided biopsy
Transurethral biopsy
Diagnostic transurethral resection of the prostate
Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy
Histopathology of radical prostatectomy specimens
Processing of radical prostatectomy specimens
Prostate cancer volume
Radical prostatectomy specimen report
Surgical margins status
Pathology of prostate needle biopsies
Gleason score
Primary gleason pattern
Secondary gleason pattern
Total gleason score for prostate cancer
TNM prostate tumor staging
T-staging
pT3
pT3a
pT3b
Tx
T0
T1
T1a
T1b
T1c
T2
T2a
T2b
T2c
T3
T3a
T3b
T4
pT2
pT2c
pT2a
pT2b
pT4
N-staging
Nx
N0
N1
pNx
pN0
pN1
M-staging
Mx
M0
M1
M1a
M1b
M1c
Prostate Cancer by AJCC v6 Stage
Stage I Prostate Cancer AJCC v6
Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v6
Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v6
Stage IV Prostate Cancer AJCC v6
Prostate Cancer by AJCC v8 Stage
Stage I Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage II Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IIC Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage III Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IIIA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IIIB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IIIC Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IV Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IVA Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Stage IVB Prostate Cancer AJCC v8
Screening for prostate cancer
Quality adjusted life years(QUALYs)
Therapeutic aspects of prostate cancer
Deferred treatment
Active surveillance
Watchful waiting
Surgery
Radical prostatectomy
Radical laparoscopic prostatectomy
Open prostatectomy
Radical retropubic prostatectomy
Pelvic node sampling
Radical prostatectomy without pelvic node excision
Nerve-sparing surgery
Pelvic lymphadenectomy
Radical perineal prostatectomy
Suprapubic prostatectomy
Robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Radical cystoprostatectomy
Radical cystoprostatourethrectomy
Salvage cystoprostatectomy
Salvage cystoprostatourethrectomy
Transurethral microwave thermotherapy of the prostate
Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate
Transurethral prostatic resection
Transurethral electrovaporization of the Prostate
Complications of radical prostatectomy
Other surgery
Extented pelvic lymph node dissection (eLND)
Extented lymph node dissection
Therapeutic role of extended lymph node dissection (eLND)
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonal therapy and radical prostatectomy
Radiotherapy
External beam radiation therapy (EBRT)
Image guided radiation therapy (IGRT)
Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT)
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
Very high-risk prostate cancer EBRT
High-risk prostate cancer EBRT
Intermediate-risk prostate cancer EBRT
Low-risk prostate cancer EBRT
Immediate post-operative external irradiation after RP
Adjuvant post-operative external irradiation after RP
Proton beam therapy
Scanning proton beam therapy
Scattering proton beam therapy
Radionuclide
Ra-233
St-89
Radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer
Dose escalation
Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy
Lymph node irradiation
Brachytherapy
High-Dose Rate brachytherapy
Iodine-125
Iridium-192
Low-dose rate brachytherapy
Palladium-103
Side effects of percutaneous irradiation and brachytherapy
Other radiotherapy
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy
Neoadjuvant or adjuvant hormone therapy plus radiotherapy
Most common complication after radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Long-term complications after radiotherapy
Short-term complications after radiotherapy
Treatment of PSA-only recurrences
Adjuvant radiotherapy (ART)
Salvage radiotherapy (SRT)
Cryotherapy
Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate (CSAP)
Hormonal therapy
Castration
Surgical castration
Medical castration
Continuous hormonal therapy
Intermittent hormonal therapy
Leuprorelin
Triptorelin
Goserelin
Degarelix
Anti-androgens
5a-Reductase Inhibition
Dutasteride
Finasteride
Non-steroidal anti-androgens
Bicalutamide
Flutamide
Nilutamide
Enzalutamide
Steroidal anti-androgens
Cyproterone acetate (CPA)
Megestrol acetate
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone agonists
Achievement of castration levels
Flare-up phenomenon
Luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone antagonists
Abarelix
Oestrogens
Diethylstilboesterol (DES)
Strategies to counteract the cardiotoxicity of oestrogen therapy
Testosterone-lowering therapy (castration)
Bilateral orchiectomy
Castration level of Testosterone
Chemotherapy
Adriamycin
Cabazitaxel
Cisplatin
Docetaxel
Estramustine
Mitoxantrone
Prednisone
Sipuleucel-T
Other chemotherapy drugs
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
Androgen deprivation in CRPC
Assessing treatment outcome in CRPC
Bone targeted therapies in metastatic CRPC
Common complications due to bone metastases
Painful bone metastases
Bisphosphonates
Radium 223
RANK ligand inhibitors
Hormonal drugs targeting the endocrine pathways in the pre-docetaxel space
Abiraterone
Non-hormonal therapy
Docetaxel regimen
Vaccine
Salvage treatment after first-line docetaxel
Abiraterone acetate
Metastatic prostate cancer
Combination therapies
Complete androgen blockade (CAB)
Immediate versus deferred androgen deprivation therapy
Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation therapy (IAD)
Potential other benefits of intermittent androgen deprivation
Practical aspects for intermittent androgen deprivation
Non-steroidal anti-androgen (NSAA) monotherapy
Contraindications for various therapies
First-line hormonal treatment
Hormonal treatment combined with chemotherapy
Prognostic factors
Other treatment
Management of prostate cancer in older men
Evaluating health status in senior adults
Evaluation of life expectancy, comorbidity and health status
Baseline screening using the G8 screening tool
Cognitive impairment
Comorbidity
Independent daily activities
Malnutrition
Specific aspects of prostate cancer treatment in older men
Advanced prostate cancer
Hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer
Metastatic CRPC
Localised prostate cancer
Androgen deprivation therapy
External beam radiotherapy
Minimally invasive therapies
Prostate cancer in old man radical prostatectomy
Options other than surgery and radiotherapy for the primary treatment of localised prostate cancer
Cryosurgery
Complications of cryosurgery for primary treatment of prostate cancer
Results of modern cryosurgery for prostate cancer
Focal therapy of prostate cancer
Patient selection for focal therapy
Pre-therapeutic assessment of patients
High-intensity focused ultrasound of the prostate (HIFU)
Radiofrequency ablation and electroporation
Photodynamic therapy
Post-treatment quality of life in patients with localised prostate cancer
Active surveillance and watchful waiting
Complications of high-intensity focused ultrasound
External-beam radiotherapy and low-dose rate brachytherapy
Radiotherapy toxicity
Post-treatment hormonal therapy
Side-effects of hormonal therapy
Hot flushes
Sexual function
Other systemic side-effects of androgen-deprivation therapy
Cardiovascular morbidity
Fatigue
Metabolic effects
Non-metastatic bone fractures
Post-treatment quality of life in patients with localised prostate cancer radical prostatectomy
Treatment of PSA-only recurrence after treatment with curative intent
Assessment of metastases
Assessment of local recurrences
Local recurrence after radiation therapy
Local recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Bone scan and abdominopelvic computed tomography
Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Scan
Other radionuclide techniques
Whole-body and axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Management of PSA failures after radiation therapy
Salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP)
Natural history of biochemical failure
Post-radical prostatectomy biochemical recurrence
Post-radiotherapy biochemical recurrence
Observation
Salvage brachytherapy for radiotherapy failure
Salvage cryoablation of the prostate
Oncological outcomes
Morbidity
Salvage High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)
Micturition arduous
Preferred Name
Micturition arduous
Definition
The discharge of urine from the bladder; urine from the kidneys is passed in spurts every few seconds along the ureters to the bladder, where it collects and later is passed to the outside via the urethra.
Synonyms & Abbreviations
Micturition arduous
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ReferenceURL
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